Sustainable electrochemical-magnetic biosensor fabricated from recycled materials for label-free detection of SARS-CoV-2 in human saliva.
CARVALHO, Caio Lenon Chaves; NASCIMENTO, Steffane Quaresma; BERTAGLIA, Thiago; FARIA, Luana Cristina Italiano; MANULI, Erika Regina; PEREIRA, Geovana Maria; SILVA, Welter Cantanhede da; COSTA, Carlos Miguel; MAESTU, Josu Fernández; LANCEROS-MÉNDEZ, Senentxu; OLIVEIRA JUNIOR, Osvaldo Novais de; SABINO, Ester Cerdeira; CRESPILHO, Frank Nelson.
CARVALHO, Caio Lenon Chaves; NASCIMENTO, Steffane Quaresma; BERTAGLIA, Thiago; FARIA, Luana Cristina Italiano; MANULI, Erika Regina; PEREIRA, Geovana Maria; SILVA, Welter Cantanhede da; COSTA, Carlos Miguel; MAESTU, Josu Fernández; LANCEROS-MÉNDEZ, Senentxu; OLIVEIRA JUNIOR, Osvaldo Novais de; SABINO, Ester Cerdeira; CRESPILHO, Frank Nelson.
Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the critical need for scalable, rapid, and cost-effective diagnostic solutions, especially in resourcelimited settings. In this study, we developed a sustainable magnetic electrochemical biosensor for the mass testing of SARS-CoV-2, emphasizing affordability, environmental impact reduction, and clinical applicability. By leveraging recycled materials from spent batteries and plastics, we achieved a circular economy-based fabrication process with a recyclability rate of 98.5%. The biosensor employs MnFe2O4 nanoparticles functionalized with anti- SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, integrated into a 3D-printed electrochemical device for decentralized testing. Advanced characterization confirmed the biosensor?s robust performance, including high sensitivity (LOD: 3.46 pg mL-1) and specificity, with results demonstrating a 95% correlation to RT-PCR gold standard testing. The cost of materials used per biosensor test is only USD 0.2, making it highly affordable and suitable for large-scale production using additive manufacturing. Key features include simple preparation, rapid response, and reusability, making it ideal for point-of-care diagnostics. Beyond COVID-19, this platform?s modularity allows for adaptation to other viral diseases, offering a versatile solution to global diagnostic challenges. This work highlights the potential of integrating electrochemical sensing with sustainable practices to address healthcare inequities and reduce environmental impact.
@article={003239706,author = {CARVALHO, Caio Lenon Chaves; NASCIMENTO, Steffane Quaresma; BERTAGLIA, Thiago; FARIA, Luana Cristina Italiano; MANULI, Erika Regina; PEREIRA, Geovana Maria; SILVA, Welter Cantanhede da; COSTA, Carlos Miguel; MAESTU, Josu Fernández; LANCEROS-MÉNDEZ, Senentxu; OLIVEIRA JUNIOR, Osvaldo Novais de; SABINO, Ester Cerdeira; CRESPILHO, Frank Nelson.},title={Sustainable electrochemical-magnetic biosensor fabricated from recycled materials for label-free detection of SARS-CoV-2 in human saliva},journal={ACS Sensors},note={v. 10, n. 3, p. 1970-1985},year={2025}}