Tailoring SHG efficiency via t-Te nanocrystals in tellurite glasses by femtosecond laser micromachining.
HUAMAN, Jose Luis Clabel; PAULA, Kelly Tasso de; VOLLET FILHO, José Dirceu; MAREGA JUNIOR, Euclydes; MISOGUTI, Lino; MENDONÇA, Cleber Renato.
HUAMAN, Jose Luis Clabel; PAULA, Kelly Tasso de; VOLLET FILHO, José Dirceu; MAREGA JUNIOR, Euclydes; MISOGUTI, Lino; MENDONÇA, Cleber Renato.
Abstract: In this study, we propose a strategy to enhance and modulate second-harmonic generation (SHG) in tellurite-zinc (TZ) glasses via femtosecond (fs) laser microfabrication, with and without the incorporation of BaTiO3:Er/Yb/Zn nanoparticle (TZ-NP). Fs-laser irradiation at varied fluences induces structural modifications, as revealed by Raman spectroscopy and mapping, including an increase in the I(TeO3)/I(TeO4) ratio (~15% in TZ and ~21% in TZ-NP), indicative of network depolymerization, NBO formation, and densification. Trigonal tellurium (t-Te) nanocrystals nucleate and grow under irradiation, exhibiting a chiral, non-centrosymmetric structure, as evidenced by the emergence of A1 and ETO Raman modes (~120 cm-1 and ~140 cm-1), XRD peaks matching the P3121 t-Te phase, and HRTEM showing nanocrystals expanding from~8 nm to ~16 nm with increasing pulse number. Complementary atomic-resolution imaging and SAED confirm lattice ordering and long-range periodicity along [001], reinforcing the formation of non-centrosymmetric, SHG-active domains. Optical and confocal imaging under 850 nm and 980 nm excitation reveal localized SHG and, in TZ-NP, upconversion luminescence, with SHG intensity peaking at 1.9 J/cm2 in TZ (850 nm) and reaching 3.3 J/cm2 (850 nm) and 4.2 J/cm2 (980 nm) in TZ-NP. Quantitative scaling laws (I2? Fm) and a figure of merit ( ) further confirm nanoparticle-induced enhancement of SHG efficiency. These results demonstrate that fs-laser-induced crystallization of t-Te, combined with local field enhancement from perovskite nanoparticles, enables efficient and tunable SHG in tellurite-based glasses, offering new avenues for integrated nonlinear photonic platforms.
@article={003296063,author = {HUAMAN, Jose Luis Clabel; PAULA, Kelly Tasso de; VOLLET FILHO, José Dirceu; MAREGA JUNIOR, Euclydes; MISOGUTI, Lino; MENDONÇA, Cleber Renato.},title={Tailoring SHG efficiency via t-Te nanocrystals in tellurite glasses by femtosecond laser micromachining},journal={Laser & Photonics Reviews},note={v. 20, n. 6, p. e02668-1-e02668-15},year={2026}}